Some of my comments were a little off, because I was actually posting as I read. Anyway, I understand dropping the Buddist Ida-ten for Hachiman perfectly. I do miss my Sohei, but thats just cause they're uber sweet. I picked Benten at the time for the interesting description, but she didn't really seem responsible for anything...
Quick history lesson of the Japanese Emperor:
The Imperial line of Japanese Emperors has technically reigned unceasingly from very early times (4-500 AD-ish) to the current day, but very rarely has had any political authority whatsoever. The importance of the Emperor is tied to the early rise of the Yamato(think original AOE) clan in Japan. The Yamato was the first clan that managed to dominate the others, and they blended the (Shinto) mythology of all the clans with their traditions, asserting that the Yamato were direct descendents of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, and thus ruled through divine providence.
The Yamato only ruled for around 200 years, but the next clan who took over, for whatever reason(didn't want to rock the boat I guess) didn't challenge the divine right of the Yamato, instead insisting that their clan was needed to guide and assist the Emperor. Once this precedent was set, it never really changed, with a variety of clans and types of governments seizing real power, always keeping the Yamato Imperial family intact and using them as a symbolic call of authority.
Basically, the Emperor was generally a really useful symbolic figurehead, which is why I approve of the concept behind your design.
As for units, I still think the Samurai Archer should be a Samurai Horse Archer, because, well, it's TRADITION for heaven sakes. I'm not saying ditch the normal horse archer, just make room for an elite version. Your base villager units look passable, although a spear still seems more appropriate than a sword. How about a Naginata? Traditional defense weapon,(women especially, oddly enough) good against Calvary. A Naginata is essentially a curved sword mounted on a long pole, or a slashing spear, depending on how you look at it. Either way, it would give the unit some flair(always a good thing when trying to differentiate Civs) It was *not* a Samurai weapon though, so it still fits your concept. The unit will probably need a small modifier against Calvary(like the Spearman) in order to be useful.
I like the Mounted Horseman a lot. I guess he's your soft counter vs Archers? Could be a balance issue though.(Think Turmas. Crap Stats, but fast ranged units are ideal for RTS games)
Ryujin isn't so bad at second look, though I don't think you explained healing spring too well in your document.
I do really like it overall, despite your continued blindness to the obvious, overwhelming coolness of Sohei. (Hint: it's partially a visual thing. Stereotypical Sohei are crazy, fearless guys with light armor, hoods covering their faces except for an eye slit, and weilding Naginatas)
The no favour/heroes thing in classical worries me a bit.
[This message has been edited by Zappos (edited 10-31-2004 @ 09:37 AM).]